Migraine and Hearing Loss: Is There a Connection? What the Research Says

What exactly is the relationship between hearing loss and migraine? Does one cause the other, or do they coincide? What symptoms should you watch for? Keep reading to dive into the research and find out what experts say about the link between the two.

• Pounding or throbbing headache
• Sensitivity to light (also called photophobia)
• Sensitivity to noise (also called phonophobia)
• Sensitivity to smells
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Fatigue or extreme tiredness
• Vertigo or dizziness

Types of Migraine

“There’s a recognized connection between migraine and hearing loss, though the relationship isn’t entirely understood,” says Michael Genovese, MD, a physician and the chief medical adviser at Ascendant New York.

Hearing loss isn’t a typical symptom of migraine, Dr. Genovese explains, but it can occur because of how a migraine attack can affect the function of the inner ear. When the inner ear is affected, sudden hearing loss can occur, a phenomenon called “sensorineureal hearing loss” in clinical terms.

“Although not everyone with migraine will experience hearing-related symptoms, it’s a connection worth exploring, especially if hearing problems arise alongside frequent migraine episodes,” says Genovese.

How Might Migraine Cause Hearing Loss?

Still, there are possible explanations. “Migraine may lead to hearing loss through two primary pathways: changes in blood flow and inflammation,” says Genovese. “During a migraine attack, blood vessels can constrict and then suddenly dilate, causing disruptions in blood circulation. This inconsistent blood flow can affect the inner ear, which relies on a steady supply of oxygen and nutrients to function correctly.

“When this supply is disrupted, it can damage the delicate structures involved in hearing,” he says.

Migraine attacks also trigger inflammation in the body, Genovese says, which can then interfere with nerve signaling in the auditory pathways. “These inflammatory changes may play a role in causing symptoms like tinnitus, ear fullness, or even sudden hearing loss. Vestibular migraine attacks, in particular, are more closely associated with hearing and balance symptoms.” Tinnitus is characterized by a ringing, buzzing, or humming sound in the ears.

“It’s also possible that in people who live with migraine, chronic pain leads to the phenomenon of brain sensitization,” Dr. Riggins explains, a process in which the brain becomes too sensitive to stimuli over time.

While tinnitus is one of the most common hearing-related symptoms of migraine, there are others.

“Some people also report a sensation of ear fullness or pressure, as if their ears are clogged or under strain,” says Genovese. In more severe cases, migraine attacks can be linked to sudden hearing loss in one or both ears, often occurring without warning. Increased sensitivity to sound, known as phonophobia, is another frequent symptom during migraine episodes, making everyday noises feel overwhelmingly loud or even painful.”

In addition to these hearing-related symptoms, vestibular migraine, which affects the inner ear, may also cause:

• Dizziness
• Vertigo
• Balance problems

Riggins also cautions that “abrupt hearing loss could be a symptom of a vascular event. Migraine, especially migraine with aura, is an established risk factor for cardiovascular system changes. Prompt medical attention to rule out vascular events, such as stroke, in persons with sudden hearing loss should be done,” she says.

When to Seek Medical Advice for Migraine-Related Hearing Issues

“Symptoms like tinnitus, ear fullness, or sudden hearing loss shouldn’t be brushed aside, mainly if they occur regularly alongside migraine attacks,” says Genovese. “These signs deserve attention and a proper medical evaluation. If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, consulting a neurologist and an ENT specialist is the best approach,” he says.

There are several healthcare providers who can diagnose and treat hearing loss. Riggins stresses the importance of collaboration between multiple specialties.

“Neurologists work very closely with otolaryngologists to diagnose and treat hearing loss. Primary care doctors are part of the treatment team. Audiology colleagues help patients with diagnostic tests. Dentists and orofacial specialists may be involved when [jaw pain] is on the list of issues to address. Also, other specialties such as rehabilitation medicine (including physical therapy) or ophthalmology make the multidisciplinary and patient-centered approach a success.”

Riggins also explains that a comprehensive eye exam is important if you’re experiencing pulsatile (throbbing) tinnitus, as this can be a sign of high intracranial pressure, and eye doctors can help rule it out.

• While hearing loss is not a symptom of migraine, people living with migraine are at a higher risk of developing hearing loss and other hearing-related problems. The reasons for this connection are not entirely understood, but there are many possible explanations involving blood flow, inflammation, or brain sensitivity.
• Overall, the risk that a person will experience hearing loss as a result of migraine is still low. But if you do experience symptoms, seek medical attention, particularly if you’re experiencing sudden hearing loss. Remember there are many healthcare professionals who can help, from your primary care physician to neurologists and ENT specialists.
• “Early intervention can prevent complications, improve symptom management, and clarify the underlying cause,” says Genovese. “Taking these symptoms seriously is an essential step toward protecting both your hearing and your overall health.”